|
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a deadly infectious fish disease caused by the ''Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus'' (VHSV, or VHSv). It afflicts over 50 species of freshwater and marine fish in several parts of the northern hemisphere.〔(Disease Factsheets: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ) Iowa State University, The Center for Food Security & Public Health. Last updated May 17, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-07-12.〕 VHS is caused by the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), different strains of which occur in different regions, and affect different species. There are no signs that the disease affects human health. VHS is also known as "Egtved disease," and VHSV as "Egtved virus."〔McAllister, Philip E. (Fish Disease Leaflet 83: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia of Fishes ). United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1990. Retrieved on 2007-07-12.〕 Historically, VHS was associated mostly with freshwater salmonids in western Europe, documented as a pathogenic disease among cultured salmonids since the 1950s.〔 (Description of Viruses: Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus Novirhabdovirus ). ''Virus Taxonomy Online: Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses''. 2000. Retrieved on 2007-07-12.〕 Today it is still a major concern for many fish farms in Europe and is therefore being watched closely by the European Community Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases. It was first discovered in the US in 1988 among salmon returning from the Pacific in Washington State. This North American genotype was identified as a distinct, more marine-stable strain than the European genotype. VHS has since been found afflicting marine fish in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea.〔 Since 2005, massive die-offs have occurred among a wide variety of freshwater species in the Great Lakes region of North America. == Virus taxonomy == VHSV is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the order ''Mononegavirales'', family ''Rhabdoviridae'', and genus ''Novirhabdovirus''.〔(NCBI Taxonomy browser (Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus). ) NCBI Taxonomy Database. United States Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved on 2007-07-14.〕 (ICTV virus classification, unlike biological classification, begins with the order.)〔(The Virus Species Concept: Introduction ) ''Virus Taxonomy Online: Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses''. 2000. Retrieved on 2007-07-12.〕 Its NCBI-assigned Taxonomy ID is 11287. Another related fish rhabdovirus in the ''Novirhabdovirus'' genus is the Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), which causes infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) disease in solmonidae. The viral cause of the disease was discovered in 1963 by M. H. Jenson.〔Kipp, Rebekah M. and Anthony Ricciardi. (VHS Factsheet ). 2006-12-08. Retrieved on 2007-07-16.〕 The virus is an enveloped, bullet-shaped particle, about 180 nm long by 60 nm in diameter, covered with 5 to 15 nm long peplomers.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「viral hemorrhagic septicemia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|